Explain the 2021 E/M coding guidelines for office visits.

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The 2021 E/M coding guidelines for office and outpatient visits (CPT codes 99202–99215) introduced major changes focused on simplifying documentation and emphasizing medical decision making (MDM) and total time.

🧾 Key Changes in 2021:

✅ 1. History and Exam Are No Longer Key Drivers

  • You still need to perform a medically appropriate history and/or exam, but they do not determine the code level.

  • Focus is now on MDM or time.

✅ 2. Code Selection Is Based on Either:

🔹 Medical Decision Making (MDM)

  • Levels of MDM: Straightforward, Low, Moderate, High

  • Based on three elements:

    1. Number and complexity of problems addressed

    2. Amount/complexity of data reviewed and analyzed

    3. Risk of complications and/or morbidity/mortality of patient management

Example: Treating an unstable chronic illness with medication changes = Moderate/High MDM

🔹 Time (Total Time on Date of Service)

  • Includes all time spent by the provider on the same day:

    • Reviewing records

    • Seeing the patient

    • Documenting

    • Coordinating care

  • Each CPT code has defined time ranges.

    99214 = 30–39 minutes
    99215 = 40–54 minutes

📌 Other Notes:

  • Applies only to office and outpatient E/M codes (99202–99215)

  • Use either MDM or time, not both

  • Designed to reduce burden and focus on patient care, not redundant documentation

✅ Summary:

  • Pick the E/M level based on MDM or total time

  • History and exam still done, but not scored

  • Simplifies documentation while preserving clinical accuracy

These guidelines streamline coding and improve clinical efficiency.

Read More

How do you code if a procedure was attempted but not completed?

What documentation is required to support a higher-level E/M code during an audit?

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